An onion, also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. The shallot is a botanical variety of the onion which was classified as a separate species until 2011. The onion's close relatives include garlic, scallion, leek, and chives.

Pomegranate fruit are technically berries. They are fleshy fruit that come from the ovary of a single flower. In Ancient Iranian Christianity, the pomegranate was believed to be the real forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden..

Maize is a cultivated grass that usually reaches around 3m in height. The stems have dark green and shiny leaves that grow alternately along either side. At the top of the stem, numerous male flowers are arranged in a complex structure resembling tassels, and release pollen when blown by the wind.

Green chillies are hollow, and the pith and seeds are the hottest part. Green chillies have a different flavour to other coloured chillies. Chilli heat is related to capsaicin content and measured in Scoville units.